
US equity The case for value investing
In today's economic climate, several macroeconomic trends may create favorable conditions for undervalued, fundamentally strong companies.
A government pension plan wanted a factor strategy to improve the risk-adjusted returns of traditional US equity beta exposure while limiting tracking error.
Start with an S&P parent universe and target three well-established factors — quality, value, and momentum — while taking steps to reduce tracking error.
The client seeded three new ETFs with Invesco to complement traditional beta exposure, with the ability to quickly adjust exposures as part of their quarterly asset allocation process.
Improve the risk-adjusted returns of traditional US equity beta exposure while limiting tracking error — a government pension plan wanted a factor strategy designed to meet this goal. We partnered with the client and S&P Dow Jones Indices to develop a new family of three multi-factor indices and ETFs: the Quality Value Momentum (QVM) Multi-factor Suite.
Equity factor investing seeks to identify the stocks of companies with certain quantifiable characteristics that have been shown to contribute meaningfully to returns over time. It’s become a standard solution for institutional investors who are seeking to optimize returns and enhance portfolio diversification.
Our approach targeted three well-established factors:
Quality: Stocks with low leverage and high return on equity, cash flow, and profitability. Quality is a defensive factor that can potentially outperform in down markets.
Value: Stocks trading at a discount to intrinsic value based on measures such as price to earnings or sales. Value is an offensive or pro-cyclical factor that can potentially outperform the broad market during periods of strong equity returns.
Momentum: Stocks with strong recent performance. Momentum is a trending factor that can be offensive or defensive, but it tends to benefit from consistent market trends.
The QVM methodology starts with a traditional S&P equity universe. It then ranks each stock based on a composite quality, value, and momentum score, and removes the bottom 10% of stocks with the lowest scores. The portfolio is weighted by float-adjusted market capitalization.
Eliminating a small percentage of stocks from the parent index and weighting the remaining positions by market capitalization helps keep tracking error low.
Start with the S&P parent universe ⇩ |
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Calculate the quality, value, and momentum scores for each stock ⇩ |
Select the top 90% of stocks with the highest multifactor scores ⇩ |
Weight the portfolio by floated-adjusted market capitalization to further reduce tracking error ⇩ |
S&P Quality, Value, and Momentum Top 90% multifactor Index |
This strategy is available in three ETFs based on the S&P 500 Index, S&P MidCap 400 Index, and S&P SmallCap 600 Index.
The ETFs were launched on June 30, 2021, so they have a live performance track record longer than three years.
The pension plan used these ETFs as a complement to traditional US equity beta exposure. The funds give the client the ability to quickly adjust exposures as part of their quarterly asset allocation process.
For institutional investors interested in potentially harvesting factor premia, but who are unable or unwilling to assume significant tracking error, this approach may be optimal.
Institutional investors are increasingly using ETFs for their efficiency, cost-effectiveness, liquidity, and ability to quickly implement investment views. Explore our ETF capabilities for institutional investors, and contact our Institutional ETF specialists to discuss your objectives and how we can help strengthen your portfolios with the flexibility of ETFs.
In today's economic climate, several macroeconomic trends may create favorable conditions for undervalued, fundamentally strong companies.
Generally strong earnings, growth potential driven by artificial intelligence (AI), and recent regulatory changes are positives for banks.
Investing in companies with a history of repurchasing their shares is a strategy that may be well-positioned to emerge stronger from market volatility.
Want to learn more? Submit a form to get in touch with one of our Institutional ETF specialists.
Important information
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Image Credit: Kenny McCartney
The opinions referenced above are those of the author as of June 25, 2025. These comments should not be construed as recommendations, but as an illustration of broader themes. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future results. They involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions; there can be no assurance that actual results will not differ materially from expectations.
Invesco is not affiliated with the S&P Dow Jones Indices
Companies that issue quality stocks may experience lower than expected returns or may experience negative growth, as well as increased leverage, resulting in lower than expected or negative returns to Fund shareholders.
A value style of investing is subject to the risk that the valuations never improve or that the returns will trail other styles of investing or the overall stock markets.
Momentum style of investing is subject to the risk that the securities may be more volatile than the market as a whole or returns on securities that have previously exhibited price momentum are less than returns on other styles of investing.
Investments focused in a particular sector, such as information technology, are subject to greater risk, and are more greatly impacted by market volatility, than more diversified investments.
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